Effects of Synthesis Variables on SAPO-34 Crystallization Templated Using Pyridinium Supramolecule and Its Catalytic Activity in Microwave Esterification Synthesis of Propyl Levulinate

A detailed investigation of the hydrothermal crystallization SAPO-34 in presence novel 1-propylpyridinium hydroxide ([PrPy]OH) organic structural directing agent is presented. The synthesis conditions are systematically tuned to investigate effects various parameters (viz. concentrations each reactant, time, and temperature) on nucleation SAPO-34. results show that a careful variation formation competing phases such as SAPO-5, SAPO-35, SAPO-36. Pure fully crystalline can be crystallized using precursor hydrogel molar ratio 2.0 Al: 4.7 P: 0.9 Si: 6.7 [PrPy]OH: 148 H2O at 200 °C for only 19 h, which shorter time than found previous studies. prepared also very active esterification levulinic acid 1-propanol. By microwave heating, 91.5% conversion with 100% selectivity toward propyl levulinate achieved within 20 min 190 °C. Hence, present study may open new insight into optimum other zeolites pyridinium moieties opportunity replacing conventional harmful non-recyclable homogeneous catalysts biofuel synthesis.